ABSTRACT
AIM: Assessment of the School-Aged Children's Physical Activity (PA) in the Russian Federation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and its compliance with the WHO recommendations. METHODS: This was a multi-national cross-sectional study. More than 24,000 children aged 6–18 years from nine European countries (Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Russian Federation, Poland, Italy, Slovenia, Germany, and Denmark) participated in the online survey. In the Russian Federation, the online survey was conducted from 28th January to 10th February 2021. The questionnaire was completed by 13,392 children or their parents from 64 Russian regions. In total, 11,763 respondents were included in the study, i.e., 50.8% boys (n=5985) and 49.2% girls (n=5778), 72% urban residents, and 28% rural residents. The mean age (M±SD) was 11.24±2.93 years. The questionnaire contained five sections — questions about the socio-demographic data;physical activity, play, or sedentary behavior in the last seven days;comparison of the child's PA at the moment with PA during the first wave of COVID-19;comparison of the child's PA at the moment with the PA before the COVID-19 pandemic;compliance with WHO global recommendations on PA and sedentary lifestyle;questions about the socio-demographic background of the parent/ guardian. Survey data were obtained via online platforms. Meeting the WHO Global Guidelines was defined as 60-minute MVPA per day for a week;total screen time of fewer than 2 hours per day. Data were presented as absolute values and percentages. Chi-Square (χ2) test was used to compare percentages to identify significant differences. A p-value of 0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: Outcomes of this online survey revealed that only a small percentage of children followed the PA guidelines. Therefore, the proportion of children following the WHO recommendations was only 7.5%. An increase in screen time on weekdays during the pandemic was observed in 21.9% of the participants, and on weekends — 20.3%. CONCLUSION: These results should be used to develop and implement targeted measures to prevent low levels FA among school-age children. © Eco-Vector, 2022.
ABSTRACT
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a high level of morbidity and mortality and is associated with significant social and economic losses for the health care system and society. Aim. To predict the socio-economic burden of COPD in the Russian Federation in 2022, including the cost of drug treatment. Methods. The socio-economic burden of COPD in the Russian Federation in 2022 was predicted with and without taking into account the impact of COVID-19. The analysis of the cost of illness included the calculation of direct and indirect costs due to COPD. Data of Federal State Statistics Service, the State Guarantee Program of Free Medical Care for Citizens of Russian Federation, and data from the regional register of drug treatment of patients with COPD were used. Costs of medical care (ambulatory, hospital, and emergency care) were calculated based on compulsory health insurance tariffs. The disability benefits payments were calculated based on number of disabled persons and the amount of the disability benefit in each group. Indirect costs (or economic losses) included losses from products which were not produced due to disability and premature mortality of working-aged adults. Results. The predicted total economic losses due to COPD in 2022 will be 428.5 billion rubles when taking into account the impact of COVID-19, and 378.9 billion rubles when not accounting for COVID-19. Losses in the economy due to decreased labor productivity because of premature deaths (86%) are major part of the main burden. The cost of drug therapy for patients with COPD in outpatient settings will amount to over 17 billion rubles. Conclusion. Potential economic burden of COPD in 2022 depends on the incidence of COVID-19 and could be 0.34% of the GDP. Priority should be given to measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of COPD by correcting risk factors in the population, early diagnosis, slowing the progression of the disease and preventing exacerbations. Prevention of respiratory infections including COVID-19 in patients with COPD plays a special role.